Hướng dẫn làm bài Từ vựng IELTS – Unit 14: Urbanisation

Big city life

2.1    Complete the text with suitable adjectives from the box. More than one adjective may be possible.

adequate   basic    booming   catastrophic   decent        enormous   pressing   staggering

 

Megacities

The world’s population is 1 ……….., no more so than in its cities. Today, there are 21 megacities, each containing more than 10 million inhabitants, three-quarters of them in developing nations. 8y 2020, there are expected to be at least 27 megacities. Such a 2 ……….. rate of urbanisation brings its own problems, especially in developing nations, where the majority of the megacities will be found.

Employment and educational opportunities are the main attraction of urban centres. But hopes for a better life are often dashed as overpopulation puts an 3 ……….. strain on the infrastructure of the cities and their ability to provide 4 ………. necessities such as clean water and a place to live.

Many rural migrants fail to find 5 ……….. work, and therefore cannot afford 6 ……….housing. In some megacities up to 50 per cent of the residents live in slums. This problem is 7……….., with the United Nations predicting that half the world’s population will be living in cities by next year. If the infrastructure within those cities does not grow at the same rate the result will be 8…………… .

 

Đáp án:

1. booming/ enormous/ staggering 
2. staggering
3. enormous
4. basic
5. adequate/ decent
6. decent/ basic/ adequate
7. pressing/ enormous/catastrophic 
8. catastrophic

 

2.2   Find words in the text on page 73 that match these definitions.

1     People that live in a particular place ………..  .

2    Areas of the world that are poorer and have less advanced industries ………..   .

3   The process by which more people leave the countryside to live in the city ………..   .

4   The problem of having too many people ……….. .

5  The basic systems and services of a city ………….. .

6   Very poor and crowded areas of a city ………..  .

 

Đáp án:

1. inhabitants
2. developing nations
3. urbanisation
4. overpopulation
5. infrastructure
6. slums

 

2.3  WORD BUILDING Complete the table.

Noun	Verb	Adjective
competition
		excluded
	include
	isolate
		poor
responsibility	…………responsibility
		tolerant

 

Đáp án:

Noun	Verb	Adjective
competition	compete	competitive
exclusion	exclude	excluded
inclusion	include	included
isolation	isolate	isolated
poverty	x	poor
responsibility	take/accept responsibility	responsible
tolerance	tolerate	tolerant

 

3.1    Answer these questions. Write one or two sentences.

1   What are the main problems associated with living in a big city?

2    Can anything be done to solve those problems?

3   Whose responsibility is it to solve these problems?

 

3.2   Now complete these answers to the questions with suitable words from 2.3.

1              Big cities can be overcrowded, so there are a lot of people c……….     for each job and for accommodation. The lack of jobs usually means that there is a lot of p……….     in big cities. And although there are a lot of people around you, many people feel very i………..   in big cities and it’s particularly difficult for the elderly.              

2              I think we need to be more t………… of each other. I think it helps if we try to create small communities within the bigger city so we should try to i………..    people rather thane them.        

3              Well, we all have to t………….. r……….    for these problems and we can all do something to         help. But the government is also r……….     to a certain extent as well. They need to make sure that the p……….   are looked after and that they have access to the facilities they need.

 

Đáp án:

1. competing; poverty; isolated
2. tolerant; include; exclude
3. take responsibility; responsible; poor

 

4   PRONUNCIATION If we have -ed at the end of a word, it can be pronounced with a t or d sound. Look at the following words and write tor d depending on their sound. Now listen and check your answers, then practise saying the words.

accepted   crowded   developed   excluded overpriced   overworked   resolved       included   isolated stressed   solved

Đáp án:

d sound: accepted, crowded, excluded, included, isolated, resolved, solved

t sound: developed, overpriced, overworked, stressed

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